Gestational Surrogacy In Tennessee: Tennessee Surrogacy Law
For those considering surrogacy in Tennessee, legal options are available. Despite the lack of comprehensive laws, specialists navigate the existing statute to facilitate the process. This allows for the realization of surrogacy dreams.
While traditional and embryo donation surrogacy are discouraged, genetic parents or those using one donor gamete have legal recourse. It’s crucial for all parties to understand Tennessee’s surrogacy laws before proceeding.
Get in touch for a Free Surrogacy Consultancy:
📲 +91-8800481100 ( WhatsApp, Line, Viber)
Additional guide for intended parents:
An Overview of Gestational Surrogacy In Tennessee
➔ Tennessee Code Ann. 36-1-102(50) does not explicitly permit or prohibit gestational surrogacy contracts. Instead, it defines surrogacy within the adoption legislation framework.
➔ Case law dictates that, unless both parents contribute their genetic material, the gestational carrier is listed as the mother on the birth certificate. The Supreme Court of Tennessee ruled in In re Adoption of Male Child A.F.C. that if an egg donor is involved, the carrier must remain on the certificate until the second parent completes an adoption.
➔ The carrier’s name is then replaced by the second parent on the birth certificate. If the intended mother is also the genetic mother, she can be listed directly on the certificate.
➔ If the intended father is unmarried and the carrier is listed as the mother, he can petition to change the mother’s name to “None” or “Unknown” on the certificate.
➔ Tennessee statutes and case law do not address the enforceability of surrogacy agreements. Therefore, all parties must be equally committed to the surrogacy journey, aware of the risks and obligations involved.
Why Choose Tennessee for Surrogacy?
- Legal Protections
Tennessee offers strong legal frameworks, making it easier for intended parents to secure their parental rights. - Professional Support
The state boasts experienced surrogacy agencies, attorneys, and medical professionals. - Cost-Effective Options
The cost of surrogacy in Tennessee is competitive compared to other states, offering good value for the quality of services.
Legal Framework for Surrogacy in Tennessee
Tennessee is a surrogacy-friendly state, offering legal protections for intended parents. Key aspects include:
- Gestational Surrogacy
Tennessee supports gestational surrogacy agreements where the surrogate has no genetic connection to the child. - Parental Rights
Intended parents can establish their parental rights through court orders, often before the child is born. - Comprehensive Contracts
Surrogacy agreements are mandatory to protect the rights and responsibilities of all parties.
Surrogacy Laws in Tennessee
Tennessee’s stance on surrogacy makes it an attractive option for both intended parents and surrogates. Although there are no specific laws allowing surrogacy, the state recognizes it as legal.
Surrogacy Contracts
Surrogacy contracts are essential in Tennessee, outlining the rights and obligations of all parties involved. These agreements are crucial for protecting the rights of intended parents, surrogate mothers, and the fetus. Tennessee’s laws govern these arrangements, making surrogacy generally permissible.
A well-drafted contract details payment, parental rights, and medical decisions, preventing future misunderstandings. It ensures all parties are aware of their roles and responsibilities, providing legal protection and security to the surrogacy process.
For drafting the surrogacy contract, both intended parents and the surrogate should have independent legal counsel. These lawyers will negotiate a contract that includes:
➔ surrogate payment
➔ Risks and obligations
➔ Each party’s obligations and rights before, during, and after the surrogacy
➔ Establishing the intended parents’ parental rights through legal means
➔ A resolution on sensitive topics like termination and selective reduction
➔ The number of embryos to be transferred using IVF
➔ even more
Pre-Birth Orders
A pre-birth order legally establishes the intended parents as the child’s legal parents before birth. This order provides peace of mind, ensuring parental rights are secured before delivery. Tennessee’s surrogacy laws state that if at least one parent is genetically related, the court will grant pre-birth parentage orders.
Any couple, whether married or not, using an egg donor cannot have a prenatal appointment. The intended mother must complete a post-birth adoption to have legal rights. This rule applies to all, including those who are not genetically linked to the child.
Post-Birth Orders
Tennessee’s surrogacy laws often require a post-birth adoption, not a pre-birth order. The mother of the intended parents, who used an egg donor, must complete this adoption. This rule applies to all parents, regardless of their marital status or sexual orientation.
How much does surrogacy cost in Tennessee?
Tennessee, with its supportive legal landscape and expert surrogacy professionals, is an appealing option for intended parents. The surrogacy cost in Tennessee typically ranges between $90,000 and $150,000, influenced by various factors such as agency fees, surrogate compensation, and medical expenses.
This section will provide a comprehensive breakdown of the cost of surrogacy in Tennessee, helping intended parents plan their journey effectively.
Breakdown of Surrogacy Costs in Tennessee
Here’s a detailed breakdown of the surrogate Price in Tennessee:
- Agency Fees
Surrogacy agencies coordinate matching, screenings, and support throughout the process. Fees typically range from $15,000 to $30,000. - Surrogate Compensation
The base compensation for surrogates in Tennessee ranges from $40,000 to $60,000, with additional payments for travel, maternity clothing, and other allowances. - Medical Expenses
These include IVF procedures, embryo transfers, and prenatal care, costing between $30,000 and $50,000. - Legal Fees
Drafting and reviewing contracts and securing parental rights cost between $8,000 and $15,000. - Insurance and Miscellaneous Costs
Additional costs for health insurance, travel, and psychological counseling can add $10,000 to $20,000 to the total.
Average Cost of Surrogacy in Tennessee
| Expense Category | Estimated Cost Range (USD) |
| Agency Fees | $15,000 – $30,000 |
| Surrogate Compensation | $40,000 – $60,000 |
| Medical Expenses | $30,000 – $50,000 |
| Legal Fees | $8,000 – $15,000 |
| Insurance & Miscellaneous | $10,000 – $20,000 |
| Total Estimated Cost | $90,000 – $150,000 |
Factors That Impact Surrogacy Costs in Tennessee
The total cost of surrogacy in Tennessee can vary depending on the following factors:
- Surrogate Experience
Experienced surrogates often command higher compensation compared to first-time surrogates. - Medical Requirements
The number of IVF cycles, embryo testing, or additional medical interventions can increase costs. - Insurance Needs
If a surrogate lacks health insurance or requires supplemental policies, this adds to the expense. - Location of Intended Parents
Out-of-state or international intended parents may incur higher travel and accommodation costs.
Cost-Saving Strategies for Surrogacy in Tennessee
Here are some ways to reduce the surrogate cost in Tennessee:
- Work with a Known Surrogate
Choosing a family member or friend as a surrogate can save on agency fees and compensation. - Bundle Services
Some agencies and clinics offer bundled packages that can reduce overall costs. - Stay Local
Using Tennessee-based clinics and agencies minimizes travel and logistical expenses. - Explore Financing Options
Many surrogacy providers offer flexible payment plans to help intended parents manage costs.
Cost-Saving Strategies Table
| Strategy | Potential Savings (USD) |
| Work with a known surrogate | $10,000 – $30,000 |
| Opt for bundled packages | $5,000 – $15,000 |
| Use local clinics and agencies | $5,000 – $10,000 |
| Choose financing plans | Flexible monthly payments |
The surrogacy cost in Tennessee typically ranges from $90,000 to $150,000, depending on individual circumstances and choices. By understanding the cost components and exploring cost-saving strategies, intended parents can make informed decisions about their surrogacy journey.
For personalized assistance, consult with a reputable surrogacy agency or legal expert in Tennessee to ensure a seamless and successful experience.
Gestational Surrogacy Journey In Tennessee
The gestational surrogacy process in Tennessee is morally and emotionally fulfilling. It allows intended parents to become parents. Understanding how Tennessee surrogacy works is crucial before starting this journey.
The surrogacy process takes 18 months to 24 months depending upon the individual circumstances.
Outlines the surrogacy process timeline for intended parents:
| Stage | Description of Stage | Duration |
| Research Phase | Explore family building options and decide on surrogacy. | Personal timeframe |
| Consultation and Application | Choose a surrogacy agency, sign agreement, and start embryo creation (if needed). | 1-3 Months |
| Matching | Agency finds and presents potential gestational carriers. Meet and decide on a match. | 3-6 Months |
| Medical Screening and Contracts | Carrier undergoes medical and psychological screening. Sign surrogacy contract. | 1-2 Months |
| Embryo Transfer | Prepare for embryo transfer. Success may take multiple attempts. | 1-1.5 Months |
| Pregnancy | Gestational carrier’s pregnancy, approximately 40 weeks. | 9-10 Months |
| Birth and Postpartum | Baby’s birth, establish parental rights, and postpartum period. | 1.5-3 Months |
Please keep in mind that the durations mentioned in the table are approximate and can vary depending on individual circumstances and other factors. Always consult with a reputable surrogacy agency or professional to get personalized guidance throughout the surrogacy journey.
1. Initial Consultation: Begin by contacting a surrogacy agency for a consultation. They will discuss your expectations and goals, addressing any questions you may have. Our process is dependable and effective.
2. Process of Matching: The agency will match you with a surrogate who shares your values and goals. Surrogates play a vital role in this journey. We ensure the best possible match for you.
3. Legal Agreements: Tennessee’s surrogacy laws are well-defined. The agency will help you navigate the legal agreements to protect everyone’s rights and obligations.
4. Medical procedures: The medical phase includes prenatal care, embryo transfer, and fertility treatments.
5. The Birth: Be present for your child’s birth. This moment highlights the importance of parenthood.
6. Post-Birth: Surrogacy agencies focus on empathy and support for a smooth transition after birth.
Find Surrogates In Tennessee | Surrogate Requirements in Tennessee
Finding a surrogate mother is a critical step in Tennessee surrogacy. There are several ways to find a surrogate, including:
➔ Fertility Clinic: Numerous reproductive centers provide internal surrogacy programs or can recommend suitable surrogates. A network of women who have shown interest in serving as surrogates is frequently present at these clinics.
➔ Surrogacy Firms Online: Intentional parents can connect with potential surrogates on several websites and forums. These platforms frequently include surrogate profiles, letting you select someone who matches your interests.
➔ Surrogacy Agencies: Matching intended parents with surrogate moms is a specialty of many surrogacy firms. These organizations handle the entire procedure, including the legal and medical aspects as well as matching, making it a practical and dependable choice.
➔ Online communities and classified ads for surrogacy: Connecting with possible surrogates can be facilitated by participating in social media groups, forums, and websites devoted to surrogacy. You can participate in discussions, place ads, and look for surrogates who fit your criteria on these networks.
➔ Altruistic Surrogacy: Family members or close acquaintances may occasionally offer to serve as surrogates. Altruistic surrogacy, in which the surrogate is someone you already know and trust, is what this practice is called.
Top Affordable Surrogacy Destinations- Cheapest Countries for Surrogacy
Below is a look at some of the most cost-effective international surrogacy destinations, including their processes, costs, legal frameworks, and eligibility criteria.
1. Surrogacy in Mexico
- Surrogacy Process: Surrogacy in Mexico is mostly unregulated, except in specific states like Tabasco, where arrangements are managed through private agreements with clinics.
- Cost Range: The typical cost of surrogacy in Mexico ranges from $60,000 to $80,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is limited to heterosexual married couples or single parents, depending on the state.
- Eligibility Criteria: Legal contracts are mandatory, and intended parents should collaborate with experienced lawyers to ensure enforceability.
2. Surrogacy in Colombia
- Surrogacy Process: Altruistic surrogacy is permitted in Colombia, supported by legally binding contracts and access to affordable IVF treatments.
- Cost Range: The cost of surrogacy in Colombia generally ranges between $60,000 and $70,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is available to heterosexual couples and single parents.
- Eligibility Criteria: There are no citizenship requirements, but contracts must adhere to Colombian legal standards.
3. Surrogacy in Georgia (country)
- Surrogacy Process: Georgia has clear and established surrogacy laws, ensuring that agreements are legally binding.
- Cost Range: The total cost of surrogacy in Georgia typically falls between $50,000 and $70,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is restricted to heterosexual married couples, with parental rights granted solely to the intended parents.
- Eligibility Criteria: Couples must provide a marriage certificate proving at least one year of partnership.
4. Surrogacy in Ukraine
- Surrogacy Process: Previously a favored destination, Ukraine offered transparent procedures and robust legal protections before the geopolitical crisis.
- Cost Range: Surrogacy costs in Ukraine typically range from $50,000 to $70,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is restricted to heterosexual married couples, with surrogates having no parental rights.
- Eligibility Criteria: Intended parents must be married heterosexual couples and provide proof of medical necessity for surrogacy.
5. Surrogacy in Armenia
- Surrogacy Process: Armenia offers legal certainty through its surrogacy laws, making it an increasingly popular choice for intended parents.
- Cost Range: Surrogacy in Armenia typically costs between $50,000 and $70,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is available exclusively to heterosexual married couples.
- Eligibility Criteria: Couples must be married, and the female partner must be under the age of 53.
6. Surrogacy in Argentina
- Surrogacy Process: Altruistic surrogacy is common, though contracts are not legally enforceable. Intended families collaborate closely with surrogates and clinics.
- Cost Range: The typical cost of surrogacy ranges from $50,000 to $70,000.
- Legal Framework: While there are no explicit surrogacy laws, it is recognized under family law and open to all family types, including LGBTQ+ couples.
- Eligibility Criteria: Working with legal experts is essential to navigate the informal surrogacy framework effectively.
7. Surrogacy in India
- Surrogacy Process: India has reopened surrogacy exclusively for Indian citizens, focusing solely on altruistic arrangements.
- Cost Range: The cost of surrogacy in India typically ranges from $25,000 to $40,000.
- Legal Framework: Surrogacy is limited to heterosexual married Indian couples, NRI, or OCI cardholders who meet specific conditions. Commercial surrogacy is strictly prohibited.
- Eligibility Criteria: Intended parents must hold Indian citizenship, NRI, or OCI status and provide medical documentation demonstrating the need for surrogacy.
Comparative Table: Surrogacy Costs in the USA and Surrogacy Abroad Countries
| Country | Cost Range | Legal Framework | Eligibility Criteria | Key Feature |
| USA | $120,000–$200,000 | Fully regulated, binding | Open to all family types | High-quality medical and legal services |
| Mexico | $60,000–$80,000 | Semi-regulated, binding in parts | Heterosexual married couples, singles | Lower costs and proximity for Americans |
| Colombia | $50,000–$70,000 | Binding legal contracts | Open to heterosexual couples, singles | Affordable and accessible IVF treatments |
| Georgia | $40,000–$60,000 | Strict legal framework | Heterosexual married couples | Strong legal protection |
| Ukraine | $40,000–$70,000 | Strict legal framework | Heterosexual married couples | Transparent and reliable processes |
| Armenia | $50,000–$70,000 | Strong legal protections | Heterosexual married couples | Growing popularity with legal certainty |
| Argentina | $40,000–$60,000 | Informal, family law-based | Open to all family types | LGBTQ+ friendly with affordable options |
| India | $25,000–$40,000 | Strict, altruistic only | Indian citizens only | Most affordable option for eligible parents |
Looking for the best Surrogacy clinic / Surrogacy agency abroad?
We are here to help with more than 15 years of experience in offering safe, reliable and affordable surrogacy options globally.
We analyze your needs, budget planning, egg donor availability, destination preferences with legal framework and find top surrogacy country and agencies for you!
Our consulting services are free of cost and do not affect your costing in any way but help you to save tons of research time and money.
Additional guide for intended parents:
Conclusion
Surrogacy in Tennessee In conclusion, a lot of intended parents and surrogates don’t think Tennessee is a viable option for surrogacy because they don’t meet the strict requirements or because they want more freedom and choice in their surrogacy journey.
Many Tennessee people prefer to use surrogates from other states because their surrogacy regulations are more tolerant and straightforward.
But in order to establish parental authority and return the child to Tennessee, further legal procedures and expenses might also be necessary.
Our Complete Surrogacy Consulting Services /Case Management cover a wide range of services globally, including:
✓ Guide and Support to choose the secure and legal surrogacy program
✓ Surrogacy clinic and agency recommendations
✓ Legal support and referrals
✓ Logistic support/planning
✓ Surrogacy agency liaison
✓ Financial planning/financial aids
✓ Citizenship and passport assistance
✓ Case management
✓ Shipment assistance
✓ Collaborations with third-party support (if you have your own clinic/agency to make sure your program is done properly)
✓ Quick and transparent communication
At COMPLETE SURROGACY our goal is to ensure a affordable, reliable, smooth and supportive experience as you start this remarkable journey towards parenthood. If there are any specific questions, concerns, or details you’d like to discuss, please don’t hesitate to let me know.
We are happy to assist you with one of our global surrogacy programs best suited you your personal and legal needs. I am here to assist you every step of the way
Get in touch for a Free Surrogacy Consultancy:
📲 +91-8800481100 ( WhatsApp, Line, Viber)
Frequently Asked Questions about surrogacy in Tennessee
What is surrogacy?
Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction where a woman (“surrogate”) carries a child for another person or couple (“intended parent”) and surrenders it to them after birth. Surrogacy can involve both traditional surrogacy, where the surrogate is genetically related to the child, and gestational surrogacy, where the surrogate carries a child conceived using the egg and sperm of the intended parents or donors.
What are the laws regarding surrogacy in Tennessee?
Surrogacy in Tennessee is governed by specific laws that protect the rights of both the surrogate and the intended parent. It’s important to understand the Tennessee surrogacy laws and the legal process involved in completing a surrogacy in Tennessee. Seek legal advice to ensure compliance with the surrogacy law and to draft a comprehensive surrogacy contract that addresses all facets of the surrogacy process in Tennessee.
How does one become a surrogate in Tennessee?
Becoming a surrogate in Tennessee involves several steps, including finding reputable surrogacy agencies or surrogacy professionals who can guide you through the process. It’s essential to work with an experienced surrogacy attorney who is familiar with the surrogacy legal framework in Tennessee and can ensure that you are complying with the Tennessee surrogacy laws.
What is the surrogacy process in Tennessee?
The surrogacy process in Tennessee involves various stages, such as matching with intended parents, medical and psychological evaluations, and legal agreements. Consider costs associated with surrogacy, including surrogate compensation and the cost of surrogacy in Tennessee. It’s crucial to work with surrogacy professionals who can guide you through each step of the surrogacy journey.
What are the considerations for surrogates in Tennessee?
If you are considering surrogacy in Tennessee, it’s important to understand your rights as a surrogate and the legal implications. Keep in mind that the surrogacy laws in Tennessee are designed to protect both the surrogate and the parents.
Disclaimer:
All legal information on this website is intended only as a guide and is not a replacement for the opinions of licensed legal professionals/Medical professionals. Some information may have changed since the time of publication. We advise you to consult a licensed attorney/Medical expert with authority in fertility/surrogacy processes.
About Author:
Neelam Chhagani, MA (Counselling Psychology), PGD (Mental Health), and Holistic Infertility and Third-Party Reproduction Consultant.
Member of the European Fertility Society (EFS) and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), Best Surrogacy Blogger for surrogacy and infertility treatment.
Highly esteemed, authoritative, and trusted professional with a 15-year of experience in international surrogacy and fertility medical tourism. Advocate for Secure, Legal, and Affordable International Surrogacy Globally.
I was introduced to Neelam by a friend who worked with Neelam for surrogacy. Neelam is absolutely wonderful. I am a single male and the journey to fatherhood is not that easy. Neelam connected me to a program ideal for my circumstances. She was with me throughout the pregnancy providing advice and guidance along the way. I am so grateful I found her and am thrilled today that I have a beautiful daughter. I highly recommend Neelam to anyone who is on a journey to become a parent. Having a child has changed my world for the better. I wish others success with their own journey and recommend you connect with Neelam to find a path that is best for you.
SA (USA)